Why are French protesters chanting ‘Bismillah, c’est les ténèbres’?

For students, the slogan has come to represent a whole array of grievances that lie at the heart of the protest movement. Save Share As violent protests roil France, bringing together students demanding better educational conditions and groups rejecting the high cost of living, one chant has become an improbable rallying cry: “Bismillah, c’est les ténèbres”. The unofficial slogan does not mean much taken literally, but students have channelled a whole array of grievances that lie at the heart of the protest movement into this nonsensical expression. It is meant to mock racial stereotyping by the police. Hundreds of thousands of peopletook to the streetsnationwide over the weekend, in the largest mobilisation since protests over education reforms and rising prices began last month. The protest movement has been triggered by grievances ranging from overcrowded classrooms and teacher shortages to systemic inequality and lack of opportunity. Police conduct has also come under scrutiny. France’s police inspectorate, the IGPN, has opened dozens of investigations into alleged police violence since protests began. “Bismillah” is Arabic for “in the name of God”, an expression used by Muslims before beginning an activity. In French slang, it has lost some of its original meaning, becoming more akin to “let’s do it”. “C’est les ténèbres” literally translates as “it’s the darkness”, which alludes to a situation that is bleak and hopeless. The slogan therefore translates as “In the name of God, it’s the darkness”, which does not convey a clear message in and of itself. Students say the phrase is a mockery of the police force, which tried to infiltrate social media chats used by protesters to coordinate. The screenshot of a Snapchat conversation featuring the expression began circulating in early October. In it, a user named Mamadou requests to be added to a group, saying: “Hi, in the name of God, it’s the darkness. When’s the blockade, wallah, bro?” The message also featured emojis with Algerian flags. Students say the message was sent by undercover police officers attempting to infiltrate their chats by using an unconvincing mix of Arabic and slang. The claim has not been verified and French authorities have not issued any statement. Youssef El Chazli, associate professor in Arab and Mediterranean sociology at Paris 8 University Vincennes – Saint-Denis, said the phrase “reinforces an image of out-of-touch policemen filled with stereotypes”....